Norms and terms for takeoff, cost groups, and quantity measurement for architects, planners, and quantity surveyors.
Cost group 100 under DIN 276: preparatory site measures before construction start in cost planning.
Cost group 200 under DIN 276: land value, legal interests, and preparatory measures in cost planning.
Cost group 300 under DIN 276: load-bearing and non-load-bearing building structures in fee and cost planning.
KG 400 under DIN 276: technical building services — scope and relevance for quantity take-off.
Cost group 410 under DIN 276: piping systems and related quantity take-off in building services.
Cost group 420 under DIN 276: heating systems, heat distribution, and related BoQ items.
Cost group 430 under DIN 276: power and low voltage, cabling, and installation zones.
Cost group 500 under DIN 276: external works, landscaping, and open-space construction in fee and cost planning.
Cost group 600 under DIN 276: movable fittings, furnishings, and artwork-related costs in cost planning.
Cost group 700 under DIN 276: fees, ancillary costs, and risks outside pure building construction groups.
Overview of DIN 276 cost groups 100–700: structure, assignment, and role in fees and tendering.
Relationship between DIN 276 cost groups and HOAI service phases for architects and specialist planners.
Distinction between DIN 277 (areas) and DIN 276 (costs): when each standard applies to areas and quantities.
What B2B AI quantity surveying means in planning — and why deterministic geometry matters for BoQ and DIN 276.
Area calculation in the attic: living/usable area with sloping ceilings under WoFlV rules.
Definition of usable floor area under the Living Space Ordinance (WoFlV) for residential buildings and planning take-off.
Balconies and loggias under WoFlV: when they count toward living area and typical planning evidence.
Gross floor area under WoFlV: definition, distinction from NRF, and relevance for living area and planning.
Basement and ancillary rooms under WoFlV: inclusion, deductions, and typical planning errors in area calculation.
Living area under WoFlV: determination rules, deductions, and differences from usable area and gross floor area.
Quantity take-off under VOB: verifiable measures, reference rules, and the role of the BoQ in tendering.
Structure of a VOB bill of quantities: item numbers, headings, line items, and link to quantity take-off.